Herbicides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid and Glyphosate Induce Distinct Biochemical Changes in E. coli during Phenotypic Antibiotic Resistance: A Raman Spectroscopic Study

Singh, S and Verma, T and Nandi, D and Umapathy, S (2022) Herbicides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid and Glyphosate Induce Distinct Biochemical Changes in E. coli during Phenotypic Antibiotic Resistance: A Raman Spectroscopic Study. In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B .

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Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a major global health concern. The increased use of herbicides may lead to multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Conventional techniques for diagnosing antibiotic resistance are laborious, time-intensive, expensive, and lack information about antibiotic susceptibility. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy is a rapid, label-free, noninvasive alternative to traditional techniques to detect antibiotic resistance. In this study, two popular herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) were used to study their effects on the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The Escherichia coli wild-type (WT) MG1655 strain and two isogenic mutants, A AŽA A"lon and A AŽA A"acrB, were used together with Raman spectroscopy. The WT E. coli is sensitive to antibiotics, but exposure to both herbicides induces antibiotic resistance. Using an excitation wavelength of 785 nm, the intensity ratios (e.g., I740/I785, I740/I1003, I1480/I1445, I2934/I2868, and I2934/I2845) were identified as biomarkers to study the induction of antibiotic resistance in bacteria but not NaCl-mediated stress. Using an excitation wavelength of 633 nm, the peak intensity at 740 cm-1 assigned to cytochrome bd decreases under antibiotic stress but increases upon exposure to both herbicides and antibiotics, indicating the development of resistance. Thus, this study can be applied to monitor antibiotic resistance using Raman spectroscopy.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to the American Chemical Society.
Keywords:	Acetic acid; Amino acids; Antibiotics; Escherichia coli; Herbicides; pH; Sodium chloride; Spectroscopic analysis; Weed control, Antibiotics resistance; Biochemical changes; E. coli; Excitation wavelength; Global health; Glyphosates; Health concerns; Multiple antibiotic resistances; Raman spectroscopic study; Wild types, Raman spectroscopy
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Biochemistry Division of Chemical Sciences > Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division of Interdisciplinary Sciences > Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering Division of Physical & Mathematical Sciences > Instrumentation Appiled Physics
Date Deposited:	04 Nov 2022 07:03
Last Modified:	04 Nov 2022 07:03
URI:	https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/77662

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