Strategies to Promote Vascularization in 3D Printed Tissue Scaffolds: Trends and Challenges

Joshi, A and Choudhury, S and Gugulothu, SB and Visweswariah, SS and Chatterjee, K (2022) Strategies to Promote Vascularization in 3D Printed Tissue Scaffolds: Trends and Challenges. In: Biomacromolecules, 23 (7). pp. 2730-2751.

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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques for scaffold fabrication have shown promising advancements in recent years owing to the ability of the latest high-performance printers to mimic the native tissue down to submicron scales. Nevertheless, host integration and performance of scaffolds in vivo have been severely limited owing to the lack of robust strategies to promote vascularization in 3D printed scaffolds. As a result, researchers over the past decade have been exploring strategies that can promote vascularization in 3D printed scaffolds toward enhancing scaffold functionality and ensuring host integration. Various emerging strategies to enhance vascularization in 3D printed scaffolds are discussed. These approaches include simple strategies such as the enhancement of vascular in-growth from the host upon implantation by scaffold modifications to complex approaches wherein scaffolds are fabricated with their own vasculature that can be directly anastomosed or microsurgically connected to the host vasculature, thereby ensuring optimal integration. The key differences among the techniques, their pros and cons, and the future opportunities for utilizing each technique are highlighted here. The Review concludes with the current limitations and future directions that can help 3D printing emerge as an effective biofabrication technique to realize tissues with physiologically relevant vasculatures to ultimately accelerate clinical translation.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	Biomacromolecules
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to the American Chemical Society.
Keywords:	3D printers; Integration; Scaffolds (biology), In-vivo; Performance; Printing techniques; Robust strategy; Scaffold fabrication; Submicron scale; Three-dimensional (3D) printing; Tissue scaffolds; Vascularization; Vasculature, Tissue
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics Division of Interdisciplinary Sciences > Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering Division of Mechanical Sciences > Materials Engineering (formerly Metallurgy)
Date Deposited:	28 Jul 2022 05:41
Last Modified:	28 Jul 2022 05:41
URI:	https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/75018

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