Intravenous immunoglobulin mediates anti-inflammatory effects in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by inducing autophagy

Das, M and Karnam, A and Stephen-Victor, E and Gilardin, L and Bhatt, B and Kumar Sharma, V and Rambabu, N and Patil, V and Lecerf, M and Käsermann, F and Bruneval, P and Narayanaswamy Balaji, K and Benveniste, O and Kaveri, SV and Bayry, J (2020) Intravenous immunoglobulin mediates anti-inflammatory effects in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by inducing autophagy. In: Cell Death and Disease, 11 (1).

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Abstract

Autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of autoimmune and autoinflammatory responses of the immune cells. Defective autophagy process is associated with various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, in many of these diseases, the therapeutic use of normal immunoglobulin G or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a pooled normal IgG preparation, is well documented. Therefore, we explored if IVIG immunotherapy exerts therapeutic benefits via induction of autophagy in the immune cells. Here we show that IVIG induces autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Further dissection of this process revealed that IVIG-induced autophagy is restricted to inflammatory cells like monocytes, dendritic cells, and M1 macrophages but not in cells associated with Th2 immune response like M2 macrophages. IVIG induces autophagy by activating AMP-dependent protein kinase, beclin-1, class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and by inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin. Mechanistically, IVIG-induced autophagy is F(ab�)2-dependent but sialylation independent, and requires endocytosis of IgG by innate cells. Inhibition of autophagy compromised the ability of IVIG to suppress the inflammatory cytokines in innate immune cells. Moreover, IVIG therapy in inflammatory myopathies such as dermatomyositis, antisynthetase syndrome and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy induced autophagy in PBMCs and reduced inflammatory cytokines in the circulation, thus validating the translational importance of these results. Our data provide insight on how circulating normal immunoglobulins maintain immune homeostasis and explain in part the mechanism by which IVIG therapy benefits patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. © 2020, The Author(s).

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	Cell Death and Disease
Publisher:	Springer Nature
Additional Information:	Copyright of this article belongs to Springer Nature
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Microbiology & Cell Biology
Date Deposited:	18 Feb 2020 09:33
Last Modified:	18 Feb 2020 09:33
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/64549

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