Advanced 3D In Vitro Lung Fibrosis Models: Contemporary Status, Clinical Uptake, and Prospective Outlooks

Jain, N and Shashi Bhushan, BL and Natarajan, M and Mehta, R and Saini, DK and Chatterjee, K (2024) Advanced 3D In Vitro Lung Fibrosis Models: Contemporary Status, Clinical Uptake, and Prospective Outlooks. In: ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, 10 (3). pp. 1235-1261.

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Abstract

Fibrosis has been characterized as a global health problem and ranks as one of the primary causes of organ dysfunction. Currently, there is no cure for pulmonary fibrosis, and limited therapeutic options are available due to an inadequate understanding of the disease pathogenesis. The absence of advanced in vitro models replicating dynamic temporal changes observed in the tissue with the progression of the disease is a significant impediment in the development of novel antifibrotic treatments, which has motivated research on tissue-mimetic three-dimensional (3D) models. In this review, we summarize emerging trends in preparing advanced lung models to recapitulate biochemical and biomechanical processes associated with lung fibrogenesis. We begin by describing the importance of in vivo studies and highlighting the often poor correlation between preclinical research and clinical outcomes and the limitations of conventional cell culture in accurately simulating the 3D tissue microenvironment. Rapid advancement in biomaterials, biofabrication, biomicrofluidics, and related bioengineering techniques are enabling the preparation of in vitro models to reproduce the epithelium structure and operate as reliable drug screening strategies for precise prediction. Improving and understanding these model systems is necessary to find the cross-talks between growing cells and the stage at which myofibroblasts differentiate. These advanced models allow us to utilize the knowledge and identify, characterize, and hand pick medicines beneficial to the human community. The challenges of the current approaches, along with the opportunities for further research with potential for translation in this field, are presented toward developing novel treatments for pulmonary fibrosis. © 2024 American Chemical Society.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to American Chemical Society.
Keywords:	Biological organs; Cell culture; Clinical research; Diagnosis; Diseases, Disease models; Drug-screening; Global health; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; In-vitro; In-vitro models; Lung fibrosis; Organ-on-a-chip; Prospectives; Pulmonary fibrosis, Tissue, biomaterial; hydrogel, antifibrotic therapy; bioengineering; cell culture; drug analysis; drug screening; epithelium; fibrogenesis; fibrosing alveolitis; human; in vitro study; in vivo study; lung fibrosis; lung model; microenvironment; myofibroblast; nonhuman; organ on a chip; pathogenesis; prediction; review; simulation
Department/Centre:	Division of Mechanical Sciences > Materials Engineering (formerly Metallurgy)
Date Deposited:	22 May 2024 04:07
Last Modified:	22 May 2024 04:07
URI:	https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/84536

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