Electrical Stimulation for Immunomodulation

Roy Barman, S and Jhunjhunwala, S (2024) Electrical Stimulation for Immunomodulation. In: ACS Omega, 9 (1). pp. 52-66.

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Abstract

The immune system plays a key role in the development and progression of numerous diseases such as chronic wounds, autoimmune diseases, and various forms of cancer. Hence, controlling the behavior of immune cells has emerged as a promising approach for treating these diseases. Current modalities for immunomodulation focus on chemical based approaches, which while effective have the limitations of nonspecific systemic side effects or requiring invasive delivery approaches to reduce the systemic side effects. Recent advances have unraveled the significance of electrical stimulation as an attractive noninvasive approach to modulate immune cell phenotype and activity. This review provides insights on electrical stimulation strategies employed for regulating the behavior of macrophages, T and B cells, and neutrophils. For obtaining a better understanding, two major types of electrical stimulation sources, conventional and self-powered sources, that have been used for immunomodulation are extensively discussed. Next, the strategies of electrical stimulation that may be applied to cells in vitro and in vivo are discussed, with a focus on conventional and stimuli-responsive self-powered sources. A description of how these strategies influence the polarization, phagocytosis, migration, and differentiation of immune cells is also provided. Finally, recent developments in the use of highly localized and efficient platforms for electrical stimulation based immunomodulation are also highlighted. © 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	ACS Omega
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to Author.
Department/Centre:	Division of Interdisciplinary Sciences > Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering
Date Deposited:	01 Mar 2024 08:57
Last Modified:	01 Mar 2024 08:57
URI:	https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/83939

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