Naik, TSSK and Singh, S and Narasimhappa, P and Varshney, R and Singh, J and Khan, NA and Zahmatkesh, S and Ramamurthy, PC and Shehata, N and Kiran, GN and Sunil, K (2023) Green and sustainable synthesis of CaO nanoparticles: Its solicitation as a sensor material and electrochemical detection of urea. In: Scientific Reports, 13 (1).
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Abstract
Urea is recognized as one of the most frequently used adulterants in milk to enhance artificial protein content, and whiteness. Drinking milk having high urea concentrations which causes innumerable health disputes like ulcers, indigestion, and kidney-related problems. Therefore, herein, a simple and rapid electroanalytical platform was developed to detect the presence of urea in milk using a modified electrode sensor. Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) were green synthesized and used as a catalyst material for developing the sensor. Synthesized materials formation was confirmed by different techniques like FTIR, UV�visible, XRD, SEM�EDX, and Raman spectroscopy. The carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified using the CaO NPs and used as a working electrode during the analysis followed by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. The fabricated calcium oxide modified carbon paste electrode (CaO/CPE) successfully detected the presence of urea in the lower concentration range (lower limit of detection (LLOD) = 0.032 µM) having a wide linear detection range of 10�150 µM. Adsorption-controlled electrode process was achieved at the scan rate variation parameter. The leading parameters like the selectivity, repeatability, and stability of the CaO/CPE were investigated. The relative standard deviation of sensor was ± 3.8 during the interference and stability study. © 2023, The Author(s).
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
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| Publication: | Scientific Reports |
| Publisher: | Nature Research |
| Additional Information: | The copyright for this article belongs to Nature Research. |
| Keywords: | calcium oxide; nanoparticle; urea, adsorption; article; carbon paste electrode; catalyst; cyclic voltammetry; differential pulse voltammetry; drug analysis; electrochemical detection; electrode; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; indigestion; limit of detection; milk; pharmaceutics; protein content; Raman spectrometry; synthesis; ultraviolet radiation; working electrode |
| Department/Centre: | Division of Interdisciplinary Sciences > Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research Division of Mechanical Sciences > Materials Engineering (formerly Metallurgy) |
| Date Deposited: | 27 Feb 2024 10:23 |
| Last Modified: | 27 Feb 2024 10:23 |
| URI: | https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/83636 |
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