Heart rate estimation and validation algorithm for fetal phonocardiography

Bhaskaran, A and Sidhesh Kumar, J and George, S and Arora, M (2022) Heart rate estimation and validation algorithm for fetal phonocardiography. In: Physiological Measurement, 43 (7).

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Abstract

Objective. Fetal heart rate (FHR) is an important parameter for assessing fetal well-being and is usually measured by doppler ultrasound. Fetal phonocardiography can provide non-invasive, easy-to-use and passive alternative for fetal monitoring method if reliable FHR measurements can be made even in noisy clinical environments. Therefore, this work presents an automatic algorithm to determine FHR from the fetal heart sound recordings in a noisy clinical environment. Approach. Using an electronic stethoscope fetal heart sounds were recorded from the expecting mother's abdomen, during weeks 30-40 of their pregnancy. Of these, 60 recordings were analyzed manually by two observers to obtain reference heart rate measurement. An algorithm was developed to determine FHR using envelope detection and autocorrelation of the signals. Algorithm performance was improved by implementing peak validation algorithm utilizing knowledge of valid FHR from prior windows and power spectral density function. The improvements in accuracy and reliability of algorithm were measured by mean absolute error (MAE) and positive percent agreement. Main results. By including the validation step, the MAE reduced from 11.50 to 7.54 beats per minute and positive percent agreement improved from 81 to 87. Significance. We classified the recordings into good, moderate and poor quality to understand how the algorithm works in each of the case. The proposed algorithms provide good accuracy overall but are sensitive to the noises in recording environment that influence the quality of the signals. © 2022 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	Physiological Measurement
Publisher:	Institute of Physics
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to the Institute of Physics.
Keywords:	Cardiology; Fetal monitoring; Heart; Neonatal monitoring; Phonocardiography; Spectral density; Ultrasonic applications, Auto correlation; Clinical environments; Envelope Detection; Fetal heart sounds; Fetal phonocardiography; Foetal heart rates; Heart-rate; Mean absolute error; Rate estimation; Rate measurements, Autocorrelation, algorithm; female; fetus heart rate; fetus monitoring; heart rate; human; phonocardiography; physiology; pregnancy; procedures; reproducibility, Algorithms; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Heart Rate; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Phonocardiography; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results
Department/Centre:	Division of Mechanical Sciences > Centre for Product Design & Manufacturing
Date Deposited:	06 Oct 2022 10:06
Last Modified:	06 Oct 2022 10:06
URI:	https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/77202

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