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FPGA Implementation of Particle Filters for Robotic Source Localization

Krishna, A and Van Schaik, A and Thakur, CS (2021) FPGA Implementation of Particle Filters for Robotic Source Localization. In: IEEE Access, 9 . pp. 98185-98203.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3094962

Abstract

Particle filtering is very reliable in modelling non-Gaussian and non-linear elements of physical systems, which makes it ideal for tracking and localization applications. However, a major drawback of particle filters is their computational complexity, which inhibits their use in real-time applications with conventional CPU or DSP based implementation schemes. The re-sampling step in the particle filters creates a computational bottleneck since it is inherently sequential and cannot be parallelized. This paper proposes a modification to the existing particle filter algorithm, which enables parallel re-sampling and reduces the effect of the re-sampling bottleneck. We then present a high-speed and dedicated hardware architecture incorporating pipe-lining and parallelization design strategies to supplement the modified algorithm and lower the execution time considerably. From an application standpoint, we propose a novel source localization model to estimate the position of a source in a noisy environment using the particle filter algorithm implemented on hardware. The design has been prototyped using Artix-7 field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and resource utilization for the proposed system is presented. Further, we show the execution time and estimation accuracy of the high-speed architecture and observe a significant reduction in computational time. Our implementation of particle filters on FPGA is scalable and modular, with a low execution time of about 5.62~mu texts for processing 1024 particles (compared to 64 ms on Intel Core i7-7700 CPU with eight cores clocking at 3.60 GHz) and can be deployed for real-time applications. © 2013 IEEE.

Item Type: Journal Article
Publication: IEEE Access
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Additional Information: The copyright for this article belongs to Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Keywords: Integrated circuit design; Monte Carlo methods; Robotics, Computational bottlenecks; DSP-based implementation; FPGA implementations; High-speed architectures; Particle filter algorithms; Real-time application; Resource utilizations; Source localization, Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)
Department/Centre: Division of Electrical Sciences > Electronic Systems Engineering (Formerly Centre for Electronic Design & Technology)
Date Deposited: 07 Oct 2021 15:57
Last Modified: 07 Oct 2021 15:57
URI: http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/69678

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