Nanoparticle mediated cancer immunotherapy

Gupta, Jyoti and Safdari, Haaris and Mehboob, Hoque (2020) Nanoparticle mediated cancer immunotherapy. In: Seminars in Cancer Biology . (In Press)

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Abstract

The versatility and nanoscale size have helped nanoparticles (NP) improve the efficacy of conventional cancer immunotherapy and opened up exciting approaches to combat cancer. This review first outlines the tumor immune evasion and the defensive tumor microenvironment (TME) that hinders the activity of host immune system against tumor. Then, a detailed description on how the NP based strategies have helped improve the efficacy of conventional cancer vaccines and overcome the obstacles led by TME. Sustained and controlled drug delivery, enhanced cross presentation by immune cells, co-encapsulation of adjuvants, inhibition of immune checkpoints and intrinsic adjuvant like properties have aided NPs to improve the therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccines. Also, NPs have been efficient modulators of TME. In this context, NPs facilitate better penetration of the chemotherapeutic drug by dissolution of the inhibitory meshwork formed by tumor associated cells, blood vessels, soluble mediators and extra cellular matrix in TME. NPs have shown to achieve this by suppression, modulation, or reprogramming of the immune cells and other mediators localised in TME. In this review, we summarize applications of NPs used to enhance the efficacy of cancer vaccines and modulate the TME to improve cancer immunotherapy. Finally, the hurdles faced in commercialization and translation to clinic have been discussed and intriguingly, NPs owe great potential to emerge as clinical formulations for cancer immunotherapy in near future

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	Seminars in Cancer Biology
Publisher:	Elsevier
Additional Information:	copyright for this article belongs to Elsevier
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Molecular Biophysics Unit Division of Biological Sciences > Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics
Date Deposited:	04 Jun 2020 09:14
Last Modified:	04 Jun 2020 09:14
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/65031

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