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Crystal Structure of Escherichia coli Diaminopropionate Ammonia-lyase Reveals Mechanism of Enzyme Activation and Catalysis

Bisht, Shveta and Rajaram, Venkatesan and Bharath, Sakshibeedu R and Kalyani, Josyula Nitya and Khan, Farida and Rao, Appaji N and Savithri, Handanahal S and Murthy, Mathur RN (2012) Crystal Structure of Escherichia coli Diaminopropionate Ammonia-lyase Reveals Mechanism of Enzyme Activation and Catalysis. In: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 287 (24). pp. 20369-20381.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.351809

Abstract

Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes utilize the unique chemistry of a pyridine ring to carry out diverse reactions involving amino acids. Diaminopropionate (DAP) ammonia-lyase (DAPAL) is a prokaryotic PLP-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of D-and L-forms of DAP to pyruvate and ammonia. Here, we report the first crystal structure of DAPAL from Escherichia coli (EcDAPAL) in tetragonal and monoclinic forms at 2.0 and 2.2 angstrom resolutions, respectively. Structures of EcDAPAL soaked with substrates were also determined. EcDAPAL has a typical fold type II PLP-dependent enzyme topology consisting of a large and a small domain with the active site at the interface of the two domains. The enzyme is a homodimer with a unique biological interface not observed earlier. Structure of the enzyme in the tetragonal form had PLP bound at the active site, whereas the monoclinic structure was in the apo-form. Analysis of the apo and holo structures revealed that the region around the active site undergoes transition from a disordered to ordered state and assumes a conformation suitable for catalysis only upon PLP binding. A novel disulfide was found to occur near a channel that is likely to regulate entry of ligands to the active site. EcDAPAL soaked with DL-DAP revealed density at the active site appropriate for the reaction intermediate aminoacrylate, which is consistent with the observation that EcDAPAL has low activity under crystallization conditions. Based on the analysis of the structure and results of site-directed mutagenesis, a two-base mechanism of catalysis involving Asp(120) and Lys(77) is suggested.

Item Type: Journal Article
Publication: JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
Publisher: AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
Additional Information: Copyright for this article belongs to AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC
Department/Centre: Division of Biological Sciences > Biochemistry
Division of Biological Sciences > Molecular Biophysics Unit
Date Deposited: 08 Aug 2012 08:43
Last Modified: 08 Aug 2012 08:43
URI: http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/44927

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