PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses

Chandra, A and Kesavardhana, S (2024) PANoptosis Regulation in Reservoir Hosts of Zoonotic Viruses. In: Viruses, 16 (11).

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Abstract

Zoonotic viruses originating from reservoir hosts, such as bats and birds, often cause severe illness and outbreaks amongst humans. Upon zoonotic virus transmission, infected cells mount innate immune responses that include the activation of programmed cell death pathways to recruit innate immune cells to the site of infection and eliminate viral replication niches. Different inflammatory and non-inflammatory cell death pathways, such as pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis can undergo concurrent activation in humans leading to mortality and morbidity during zoonosis. While controlled activation of PANoptosis is vital for viral clearance during infection and restoring tissue homeostasis, uncontrolled PANoptosis activation results in immunopathology during zoonotic virus infections. Intriguingly, animal reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, such as bats and birds, appear to have a unique immune tolerance adaptation, allowing them to host viruses without succumbing to disease. The mechanisms facilitating high viral tolerance in bats and birds are poorly understood. In this perspective review, we discuss the regulation of PANoptotic pathways in bats and birds and indicate how they co-exist with viruses with mild clinical signs and no immunopathology. Understanding the PANoptotic machinery of bats and birds may thus assist us in devising strategies to contain zoonotic outbreaks amongst humans. © 2024 by the authors.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	Viruses
Publisher:	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to authors.
Keywords:	animal; apoptosis; bat; bird; classification; disease reservoir; human; immunology; innate immunity; necroptosis; pathogenicity; pyroptosis; veterinary medicine; viral zoonosis; virology; virus; virus infection; virus replication; zoonosis, Animals; Apoptosis; Birds; Chiroptera; Disease Reservoirs; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Necroptosis; Pyroptosis; Viral Zoonoses; Virus Diseases; Virus Replication; Viruses; Zoonoses
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Biochemistry
Date Deposited:	17 Dec 2024 09:15
Last Modified:	17 Dec 2024 09:15
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/87132

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