Dioxygen reduction, reduced oxygen species, oxygen toxicity and antioxidants - a commentary

Ramasarma, T (2016) Dioxygen reduction, reduced oxygen species, oxygen toxicity and antioxidants - a commentary. In: INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY, 54 (11). pp. 688-699.

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Abstract

Molecular oxygen, a diradical, needs intervention of redox metal ions or other radicals to receive electrons for its reduction. The oxygen radicals thus produced are responsible for oxygen toxicity and oxidative stress. But, autoxidation, relevant in ischemia-reperfusion injury, is absent in any discussion on oxygen toxicity. Naturally occurring compounds which prevent formation or action of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally referred as antioxidants. The reduced oxygen species, superoxide, peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, are formed in a variety of systems in the cell and are useful in selective oxidations. Currently, the popular method for assaying ROS with fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein actually measures a hemeprotein-Fe-oxo complex. The Fe-oxyl radicals are the likely oxidants in damaging proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Such major lesions are normally repaired or replaced in the cells. The antioxidants counter the damaging oxidant actions. Among these, occurring in large concentration, are glutathione and ubiquinol, synthesized in the body and ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol, drawn from the food. A large number of plant derived phenolic compounds, especially the flavonoid variety, are also absorbed, albeit poorly, from the food. At the natural low concentrations, these compounds show wide ranging biological effects. Increased benefit on increasing them in circulating blood needs individual verification. The polyphenolic compounds demonstrated powerful antioxidant effects in laboratory experiments. But the clinical studies did not support the consequent expectations of countering the oxidative stress, the purported crucial factor in pathology in several diseases. Antioxidant action against ROS causing oxygen toxicity needs to be reassessed. This minireview is a reappraisal of formation and reactivity of ROS in different cells, the active cellular oxidant forms, products of oxidant action on proteins, nucleic acids and lipids as marker of oxidant injury, bulk antioxidants of endogenous and exogenous origin, limited absorption occurrence and functions of polyphenolic classes.

Item Type:	Editorials/Short Communications
Publication:	INDIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
Additional Information:	Copy right for this article belongs to the NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR, DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Biochemistry
Date Deposited:	30 Dec 2016 06:02
Last Modified:	30 Dec 2016 06:02
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/55608

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