Performance Evaluation of the LiFePO4OH Cathode for Stationary Storage Applications Using a Reduced-Order Electrochemical Model

Sharma, L and Bharathraj, S and Barpanda, P and Adiga, SP and Mayya, KS (2021) Performance Evaluation of the LiFePO4OH Cathode for Stationary Storage Applications Using a Reduced-Order Electrochemical Model. In: ACS Applied Energy Materials, 4 (1). pp. 1021-1032.

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Abstract

The development of inexpensive and large-capacity energy storage solutions is critical to support future electric grids for grid stability as well as to solve the intermittency of renewable generation. As the cost of stored energy per cycle is a primary concern as compared to the energy density in these applications, low cost and easy-to-produce battery active materials are intensely explored. In this pursuit, hydroxyphosphate-based materials have also been studied where tavorite LiFePO4OH has grasped attention. Though the material exhibits lower redox potential and thus offers lower energy density, it is still very attractive for stationary (grid) storage applications as it consists of earth-abundant elements. To evaluate the performance characteristics of this system, we establish an electrochemical reduced-order model and validate it against experiments. Based on this model, the effects of cell design parameters, electrode thickness, active material loading, and particle size, on battery performance, including the trade-off between energy and power capabilities were investigated by generating Ragone plots. While it was found that all three parameters have a significant effect on energy and power capabilities, a cathode particle of >2 μm would affect the power capability adversely because of the slow solid-state diffusion. Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the system was evaluated to be >82.5, making it very attractive for stationary applications from the cost per unit energy stored perspective. These results highlight the commercial viability of hydroxyphosphate battery chemistry. © 2021 American Chemical Society.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	ACS Applied Energy Materials
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to American Chemical Society.
Keywords:	Cathodes; Diffusion in solids; Economic and social effects; Electric batteries; Energy efficiency; Energy storage; Iron compounds; Lithium compounds; Particle size; Redox reactions; Storage (materials), Battery chemistries; Commercial viability; Electrochemical modeling; Performance characteristics; Reduced order models; Renewable generation; Solid-state diffusion; Stationary applications, Phosphorus compounds
Department/Centre:	Division of Chemical Sciences > Materials Research Centre
Date Deposited:	16 Feb 2023 10:36
Last Modified:	16 Feb 2023 10:36
URI:	https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/80531

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