Krishnamohan, KS and Bala, G and Cao, L and Duan, L and Caldeira, K (2020) The Climatic Effects of Hygroscopic Growth of Sulfate Aerosols in the Stratosphere. In: Earth's Future, 8 (2).
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Abstract
Solar geoengineering by deliberate injection of sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere is one of the proposed options to counter anthropogenic climate warming. In this study, we focus on the effect of a specific microphysical property of sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere: hygroscopic growth—the tendency of particles to grow by accumulating water. We show that stratospheric sulfate aerosols, for a given mass of sulfates, cause more cooling when prescribed at the lower levels of the stratosphere because of hygroscopic growth. The larger relative humidity in the lower stratosphere causes an increase in the aerosol size through hygroscopic growth that leads to a larger scattering efficiency. In our study, hygroscopic growth provides an additional cooling of 23% (0.7 K) when 20 Mt-SO4 of sulfate aerosols, an amount that approximately offsets the warming due to a doubling of CO2, are prescribed at 100 hPa. The hygroscopic effect becomes weaker at higher levels as relative humidity decreases with height. Hygroscopic growth also leads to secondary effects such as an increase in near-infrared shortwave absorption by the aerosols that causes a decrease in high clouds and an increase in stratospheric water vapor. The altitude dependence of the effects of hygroscopic growth is opposite to that of sedimentation effects or the fast adjustment effects due to aerosol-induced warming identified in a recent study. © 2020 The Authors.
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Publication: | Earth's Future |
| Publisher: | John Wiley and Sons Inc |
| Additional Information: | The copyright for this article belongs to the Author(s). |
| Keywords: | aerosol; aerosol composition; cooling; growth response; hygroscopicity; particle size; radiative forcing; relative humidity; stratosphere; sulfate |
| Department/Centre: | Division of Mechanical Sciences > Centre for Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jan 2023 11:24 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jan 2023 11:24 |
| URI: | https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/79447 |
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