Morphological and molecular effects of phenolic extract from coconut kernel on human prostate cancer cell growth in vitro

Dhanyakrishnan, R and Sunitha, MC and Prakash Kumar, B and Sandya, S and Nevin, KG (2018) Morphological and molecular effects of phenolic extract from coconut kernel on human prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. In: Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 11 (1). pp. 21-36.

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Abstract

Coconut is an indispensable ingredient in the diet and traditional medicine of individuals belonging to the Indian subcontinent. Coconut is of high nutritional value owing to the presence of all essential dietary components, viz, saturated fatty acids, arginine rich proteins, fibre and minor components like vitamin E, phytosterols, polyphenols and flavonoids. The polyphenolic content present in coconut kernel is of particular interest due to their numerous reported beneficial effects such as reduction of oxidative stress, combating cancer and in modulating anti-inflammatory pathways. Therefore, in the present study the cytotoxic effect of the polyphenol rich fraction from coconut kernel (CKf) was evaluated in human prostate cancer (DU-145) cells. Individual components present in CKf was determined by LC-MS analysis. It showed that CKf contained several bioactive molecules which have potential anticancer activity viz, coumaric acid, myristin, chlorogenic acid and triterpenoid methyl esters. The cytotoxic effect of CKf at various concentrations (2.520 μg/ml) on DU-145 was assessed using MTT assay, AO/EB staining, mitochondrial superoxide/ROS production and changes in intracellular calcium levels, 24hrs post treatment. Changes in the cell morphology and nucleus were observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal microscopy. ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels was evaluated using DCHF-DA and MitoSOX staining respectively. The impact of ROS on changes in cellular calcium levels was also studied using Fura-2-AM. LDH leakage from CKf treated and control cells were observed colorimetrically. Further, PCR analysis was done to detect changes in mitochondria associated apoptotic gene expression. It was also observed that CKf treatment increased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes - Bax, Bid, Bak and p53 in a dose-dependent manner. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that CKf may be used as a part of a dietary regime for controlling the progression of prostate cancer.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
Publisher:	IOS Press
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to the IOS Press and the authors.
Keywords:	antineoplastic agent; calcium ion; chlorogenic acid; coconut extract; coumaric acid; fluorouracil; myristic acid; phenol; plant extract; protein Bak; protein Bax; protein Bid; protein p53; reactive oxygen metabolite; transcription factor Nrf2; triterpenoid; unclassified drug, antineoplastic activity; antiproliferative activity; apoptosis; Article; calcium cell level; calcium signaling; cancer inhibition; coconut; concentration response; confocal microscopy; controlled study; drug cytotoxicity; drug mechanism; gene; gene expression; human; human cell; in vitro study; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; male; mitochondrial membrane potential; MTT assay; Nrf 2 gene; nut kernel; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; prostate cancer cell line; protein expression; scanning electron microscopy
Department/Centre:	Division of Chemical Sciences > Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Autonomous Societies / Centres > Society for Innovation and Development
Date Deposited:	26 Aug 2022 06:31
Last Modified:	26 Aug 2022 06:31
URI:	https://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/76084

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