Photochemical detoxification of Cr(VI) using iron and saccharic acid: insights from cytotoxic and genotoxic assays

Subramanian, Gokulakrishnan and Kumar, Ganugapati Sai Srivatsa and Ravi, Venkatraman and Sundaresan, Nagalingam Ravi and Madras, Giridhar (2018) Photochemical detoxification of Cr(VI) using iron and saccharic acid: insights from cytotoxic and genotoxic assays. In: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, 4 (8). pp. 1152-1162.

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Abstract

Herein, we demonstrate rapid and complete photochemical detoxification of Cr(VI) by iron using saccharic acid (SA) as a sacrificial organic agent. 100% Cr(VI) (200 mu M) was reduced within 30 min using Fe(III) (50 mu M) and SA (300 mu M) under UV irradiation. The reaction mechanism involves photochemical recycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II) by SA via ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) along with the generation of a concomitant ligand radical and hydroperoxyl radical. Importantly, the MTT assay and gamma H2AX immunostaining were performed to evaluate the hitherto unexplored comparison of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity caused by untreated and treated aqueous Cr(VI). The results revealed that the Fe(III)/SA/UV treatment caused the complete removal of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Cr(VI) towards human cell lines. The presence of nitrate, chloride and natural organic matter increased the Cr(VI) reduction, while phosphate decreased the Cr(VI) reduction. Cu(II), Al(III) and Ni(II) had a positive effect on the Cr(VI) reduction. Furthermore, the Fe(III)/SA/UVC treatment caused almost complete Cr(VI) reduction in groundwater, lake water, and simulated galvanic wastewater. This study strongly supports the aptness of the Fe(III)/SA photochemical system for detoxification of Cr(VI) contaminated wastewater.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
Publisher:	ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
Additional Information:	Copy right for this article belong to ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Microbiology & Cell Biology Division of Mechanical Sciences > Chemical Engineering
Date Deposited:	18 Oct 2018 13:09
Last Modified:	18 Oct 2018 13:09
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/60911

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