Streamflow modeling and contribution of snow and glacier melt runoff in glacierized Upper Indus Basin

Gupta, C and Kulkarni, AV and Taloor, AK (2021) Streamflow modeling and contribution of snow and glacier melt runoff in glacierized Upper Indus Basin. In: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193 (11).

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Abstract

The Upper Indus Basin has a large concentration of glaciers and mainly fed by snow and glacier melt. These melt runoffs are the primary driver of discharge and significantly contribute to Indus flows. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) up to the Besham Quila site. This study focuses on quantifying runoff�s contribution from different sources, including snow and glacier melt, and evaluates model performance in the glacierized Himalayan basin. The model was calibrated (1981�2000) and validated (2001�2007) daily and monthly using 27 years of measured discharge data at the Besham Quila station. A statistical indicator shows a �good� relationship between simulated and observed discharge on a daily and �very good� on a monthly timestamp. In this study, the annual contribution from snow/ice melt in the basin was quantified and found to be 51 of the total runoff. Apart from this, around 30 of water comes from direct runoff generated through liquid precipitation and 3.8 from groundwater. The remaining (~15) is contributed by interflows sourced from the rainfall and snow/ice melt. The basin receives 61 contribution from snow and glacier melt during monsoon (July�Sept) and 38 during summer (April�June) seasons, while negligible in other seasons. A decreasing trend is observed in modelled total runoff and melt runoff of about 1.11 � 109 m3 a�1 and 0.73 � 109 m3 a�1, respectively. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Publisher:	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Keywords:	Groundwater; Runoff, Calibration and validations; Himalayan basin; Ice melts; Modeling performance; Runoff contribution; Snow and glacier melt; Statistical indicators; Streamflow models; SWAT; Upper Indus Basin, Snow
Department/Centre:	Division of Mechanical Sciences > Divecha Centre for Climate Change
Date Deposited:	25 Nov 2021 10:47
Last Modified:	25 Nov 2021 10:47
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/70488

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