3D Tumor Models for Breast Cancer: Whither We Are and What We Need

Balachander, GM and Kotcherlakota, R and Nayak, B and Kedaria, D and Rangarajan, A and Chatterjee, K (2021) 3D Tumor Models for Breast Cancer: Whither We Are and What We Need. In: ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering .

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Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) models have led to a paradigm shift in disease modeling in vitro, particularly for cancer. The past decade has seen a phenomenal increase in the development of 3D models for various types of cancers with a focus on studying stemness, invasive behavior, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance of cancer cells, as well as contributions of its stroma, which has expanded our understanding of these processes. Cancer biology is moving into exploring the emerging hallmarks of cancer, such as inflammation, immune evasion, and reprogramming of energy metabolism. Studies into these emerging concepts have provided novel targets and treatment options such as antitumor immunotherapy. However, 3D models that can investigate the emerging hallmarks are few and underexplored. As commonly used immunocompromised mice and syngenic mice cannot accurately mimic human immunology, stromal interactions, and metabolism and require the use of prohibitively expensive humanized mice, there is tremendous scope to develop authentic 3D tumor models in these areas. Taking the specific case of breast cancer, we discuss the currently available 3D models, their applications to mimic signaling in cancer, tumor-stroma interactions, drug responses, and assessment of drug delivery systems and therapies. We discuss the lacunae in the development of 3D tumor models for the emerging hallmarks of cancer, for lesser-explored forms of breast cancer, and provide insights to develop such models. We discuss how the next generation of 3D models can provide a better mimic of human cancer modeling compared to xenograft models and the scope toward preclinical models and precision medicine. © 2021 American Chemical Society.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
Additional Information:	The copyright for this article belongs to American Chemical Society
Keywords:	Diseases; Drug delivery; Mammals; Metabolism; Tumors, 3D tumor models; Chemoresistance; Disease modeling; Drug delivery system; Energy metabolism; Paradigm shifts; Three-dimensional (3D) model; Tumor-stroma interactions, Three dimensional computer graphics
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Molecular Reproduction, Development & Genetics Division of Interdisciplinary Sciences > Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering Division of Mechanical Sciences > Materials Engineering (formerly Metallurgy)
Date Deposited:	21 Nov 2021 16:29
Last Modified:	21 Nov 2021 16:29
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/69948

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