G protein Signaling, Journeys Beyond the Plasma Membrane

Nair, Raji R and Kiran, Amritanjali and Saini, Deepak Kumar (2017) G protein Signaling, Journeys Beyond the Plasma Membrane. In: JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, 97 (1). pp. 95-108.

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Abstract

G proteins classically associated with the 7TM or serpentine receptors generally exist as a heterotrimeric complex consisting of alpha, beta and gamma subunits. These proteins serve as transducers of extracellular signal from plasma membrane to cellular interior. Binding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with a ligand leads to their activation, followed by that of G alpha, which then dissociates from G beta gamma subunits and initiate downstream effects through plasma membrane-localized effectors. This plasma membrane-restricted view of G proteins was challenged when they were found to be present in various intracellular locations such as endomembranes, cytoskeleton, mitochondria, and nucleus thereby opening up newer spatial domains for the action of these signaling molecules. Many recent studies have addressed the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying this atypical distribution and the G proteins have been shown to undergo activation-dependent as well as activation-independent relocalization. This spatially `directed' targeting of G proteins provides them rapid access to intracellular communication network without relying on diffusible second messengers. Here, we present a consolidated review of the existing knowledge about the presence and physiological roles for G proteins in these atypical locations, along with the mechanistic knowhow presently known about underlying processes.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
Additional Information:	Copy right for this article belongs to the INDIAN INST SCIENCE, INDIAN INST SCIENCE, BANGALORE 560012, INDIA
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Molecular Biophysics Unit
Date Deposited:	15 Jul 2017 07:20
Last Modified:	12 Nov 2018 15:44
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/57410

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