Structural Basis of Drug Resistance by Genetic Variants of HIV Type 1 Clade C Protease from India

Kandathil, Abraham Joseph and Joseph, Agnel Praveen and Kannangai, Rajesh and Srinivasan, Narayanaswamy and Abraham, Oriapadickal Cherian and Pulimood, Susanne Alexander and Sridharan, Gopalan (2009) Structural Basis of Drug Resistance by Genetic Variants of HIV Type 1 Clade C Protease from India. In: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 25 (5). pp. 511-519.

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Abstract

Using computer modeling of three-dimensional structures and structural information available on the crystal structures of HIV-1 protease, we investigated the structural effects of mutations, in treatment-naive and treatment-exposed individuals from India and postulated mechanisms of resistance in clade C variants. A large number of models (14) have been generated by computational mutation of the available crystal structures of drug bound proteases. Localized energy minimization was carried out in and around the sites of mutation in order to optimize the geometry of interactions present. Most of the mutations result in structural differences at the flap that favors the semiopen state of the enzyme. Some of the mutations were also found to confer resistance by affecting the geometry of the active site. The E35D mutation affects the flap structure in clade B strains and E35N and E35K mutation, seen in our modeled strains, have a more profound effect. Common polymorphisms at positions 36 and 63 in clade C also affected flap structure. Apart from a few other residues Gln-58, Asn-83, Asn-88, and Gln-92 and their interactions are important for the transition from the closed to the open state. Development of protease inhibitors by structure-based design requires investigation of mechanisms operative for clade C to improve the efficacy of therapy.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Publication:	AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
Publisher:	Mary Ann Liebert
Additional Information:	Copyright of this article belongs to Mary Ann Liebert.
Department/Centre:	Division of Biological Sciences > Molecular Biophysics Unit
Date Deposited:	11 Dec 2009 10:43
Last Modified:	23 Feb 2012 05:21
URI:	http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/id/eprint/20741

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